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| Verbs that end in a consonant and -E |
If the word ends in -e, add -d.
dare --> dared, hope --> hoped, injure --> injured
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Verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant: one syllable verbs
Exception: -w and -x are not doubled.
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If the verb had one vowel before the consonant then double the final consonant and add -ed.
hug --> hugged, stop --> stopped, rob --> robbed
If the verb has two vowels before the consonant then do not double the consonant and add -ed.
rain --> rained, teem --> teemed, fool --> fooled
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| Verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant: two-syllable verbs |
If the first syllable is stressed then the consonant is not doubled and add -ed
listen --> listened, offer --> offered, open --> opened
If the second syllable is stressed then the consonant is doubled and add -ed.
control --> controlled, prefer --> preferred
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| Verbs that end in two consonants |
If the verb ends in two consonants just add -ed.
start --> started, point --> pointed, harm --> harmed
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| Verbs that end in -Y |
If the verb ends in vowel + Y, only add -ed.
enjoy --> enjoyed, decay --> decayed, employ --> employed
If the verb ends in consonany + Y, replace -y with -i then add -ed.
fry --> fried, intensify --> intensified, reply --> replied.
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| Verbs that end in -IE |
If the verb ends in -ie, only add -d.
lie --> lied, tie --> tied
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